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"Fibre To The Home" known as FTTH is Fibre Optic cable being installed from the telephone exchange to the Home and is used to deliver communications such as broadband, digital TV and telephone.

INTRODUCTION:

Growing demand for high speed internet is the primary driver for the new access technologies which enable experiencing true broadband.  Today, there is an increasing demand for high bandwidth services in market around the world. However, traditional technologies, like Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and cable modem technologies, commonly used for ‘broadband access, which have access speed to the order of a megabit per second, with actual rates strongly dependent on distance from the exchange (central office) and quality of the copper infrastructure, can not fulfill today’s customer demand for bandwidth hungry applications such as high-definition TV, 3-D TV, high-speed internet access, video on demand, IPTV, online gaming, distance learning etc.  Amongst various technologies, the access methods based on the optical fiber has been given extra emphasis keeping into long term perspective of the country.  It has many advantages over other competing access technologies of which ‘Being Future Proof’ and providing ‘True Converged Network’ for high quality multi-play are the salient ones.  The stable and long term growth of Broadband is, therefore, going to be dependent on robust growth of fiber in the last mile.

WHY FTTH:

FTTH is a true multi service communications access which simultaneously handles several phone calls, TV/Video streams and Internet users in the home/office. There are several advantages of deploying FTTH over other traditional access technologies as given below:

• FTTH provides end-users with a broad range of communications and entertainment services, and faster activation of new services.
  

• Competition is beginning to offer a “multi-play” (i.e. voice, video, data etc.) bundle.
  

• FTTH provides service provider’s with the ability to provide “cutting edge” technology and “best-in-class” services.
  

• Deploying a fiber optic cable to each premise will provide an extraordinary amount of bandwidth for future services.
  

• FTTH provides the community in which it’s located with superior communications which enhance the efficiency of local business and thus deliver economic advantage for the community.
  

• Around the world FTTH is viewed as strategic national infrastructure similar to roads, railways, and telephone networks.
  

• FTTH provides carriers with an opportunity to increase the Average Revenues Per User (ARPU), to reduce the capital investment required to deliver multiple services, and to lower the costs of operating networks.
  

FTTH NETWORKS:

BSNL is rooling out its FTTH network using PON (Passive Optical Networks) technologies. A PON is based on the premise of a point-to-multipoint architecture.  Passive Optical Network is essentially a cost effective optical fiber based access system for providing (broadband, voice, video, data etc) services.

A Passive Optical Networks (PON) use optical fiber and optical power splitters to connect the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at the local exchange (CO) to the subscriber’s Optical Network Unit (ONU) on his premises.  Passive splitters are located downstream from the CO and can split the fiber signal up to 32 or more times over a maximum distance of 20 km.

The architecture is called passive because all splitters and intermediate equipment located between the CO and the ONU is passive; that is, it has no active electronics and therefore does not need separate power.  The OLT system provides aggregation and switching functionality between the core network (various network interfaces) and PON interfaces and also supports management functions.

ONU provides access to the users i.e. an External Plant/Customer Premises equipment providing user interface for many/single customer.  Different wavelengths are used for downstream and upstream traffic.  This approach greatly simplifies network operation and maintenance, and reduces the cost.  Another advantage is that much less fiber is required than in point-to point topologies.


TECHNOLOGIES:

BSNL has planned FTTH network based on Gigabit Optical Passive Network (GPON) and Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GEPON). GPONs, an ITU technology, support downstream rates as high as 2.5 Gbits/sec and upstream rates from 155 Mbits/sec to 2.5 Gbits/sec. BSNL is procuring the GPON that will support downstream rate 2.5Gbps and upstream 1.25 Gbps. In GEPON, an IEEE technology, 1.25 Gbps uplink and downlink simultaneous Bandwidth is available.

The broadband, voice, data & video etc services will run on this network.  All these services clubbed into a brand name Next Generation Play Network (NGPN).  These services will be rolled out in phase manner.